On semiconductor equipment (1) -- source and status of domestic semiconductor equipment论半导体设备（一）---国内半导体设备来源及状况

美国对华技术出口管制以及成立"瓦森纳安排"，对中国的发展具有深层次的影响，即大大阻碍了中国加入全球生产体系。由于《瓦森纳协定》的影响，中国采购新半导体设备的难度颇高，目前国内部份半导体设备干法去胶机的采购均来自二手设备市场。

（一）、国内半导体设备的来源

（1）、半导体产品尺寸过渡

业内有这样一种说法：一代设备，一代工艺，一代产品。而硅单晶直径不断增大，从2英寸，经过3英寸、4英寸、5英寸、6英寸、8英寸，现在已进入12英寸的年代。这样小尺寸的生产设备就可能推向二手设备市场。

（2）、发达国家半导体设备的更新换代

      发达国家半导体技术比较先进，设备更新换代较快，之前的设备就可能流入我国二手设备市场。

（3）、工厂经营不善

      因工厂经营不善，而被其它公司兼并，原工厂的设备可能部分被卖掉，从而流入二手设备市场。

（4）、受半导体市场因素的影响等

（二）、国内二手半导体的设备的状况

（1）、二手半导体设备的优势

a、价格低

经翻修后的设备价格一般仅是新设备价格的三分之一，甚至更低。

b、高性能

       国内有许多高技术的设备翻新人材，部分设备经翻修后性能可达到原设备的水平，翻新后的设备具有很强的竞争力。

C、市场稳定，交货快

       国内半导体设备商家，大多都有自己的设备仓库及工厂，采购商可随时咨询，确定购买意向后，验货手续更简便。

（2）、购买二手半导体设备的注意事项

a、设备的配置及性能

       在国内许多二手设备的功能配置并不齐全，有许多设备之前就被当作拆机件处理，这些设备一般都缺少配件。  购买时必须考虑，卖方是否有能力将设备调试至正常功能，性能是否能达到买方的要求。

b、后期维修

       购买二手设备虽然价格相对低廉，但风险却相对增加，而且维修几率大，后期维护成本高。购买时必须考虑卖方提供哪些服务，且是否有配品配件可供更换；购买后的维护工作不可能完全依赖卖方，买方一定要具备基本的维护能力。

       The U.S. technology export control to China and the establishment of the Wassenaar Arrangement have a profound impact on China's development, which greatly hinders China's accession to the global production system. Due to the influence of Wassenaar agreement, it is very difficult for China to purchase new semiconductor equipment. At present, the purchase of some domestic semiconductor equipment dry degumming machines is from the second-hand equipment market. 

（1） The source of domestic semiconductor equipment 

   (1). There is a saying in the semiconductor product size transition industry: one generation of equipment, one generation of process, one generation of product. And the diameter of silicon single crystal is increasing, from 2 inches, through 3 inches, 4 inches, 5 inches, 6 inches, 8 inches, now it has entered the age of 12 inches. In this way, small-scale production equipment may be pushed to the second-hand equipment market. 

   (2) . the upgrading of semiconductor equipment in developed countries. The semiconductor technology in developed countries is relatively advanced, and the upgrading of equipment is relatively fast. The previous equipment may flow into the second-hand equipment market in China. 

   (3) . poor operation of the factory. Due to the poor operation of the factory, it was merged by other companies, and some of the equipment of the original factory may be sold, thus flowing into the second-hand equipment market. 

   (4) , affected by semiconductor market factors, etc. 

   (2), the status of domestic second-hand semiconductor equipment 

   (1), the advantages of second-hand semiconductor equipment, 

    a. the price of equipment after renovation is generally only one third of the price of new equipment, or even lower. 

    b. High performance: there are many high-tech equipment refurbishment talents in China, some of which can reach the level of the original equipment after refurbishment, and the refurbished equipment has a strong competitiveness. 

    C. Stable market, fast delivery domestic semiconductor equipment manufacturers, most of them have their own equipment warehouses and factories, purchasers can consult at any time, determine the purchase intention, the inspection procedures are more simple. 

   (2) , precautions for purchasing second-hand semiconductor equipment 

   a. equipment configuration and performance. In China, many second-hand equipment are not fully equipped with functions. Many of them have been treated as disassembled parts before, and these equipment are generally lack of accessories. When purchasing, it must be considered whether the seller has the ability to debug the equipment to normal function and whether the performance can meet the requirements of the buyer. 

  b. Late maintenance purchase of second-hand equipment although the price is relatively low, but the risk is relatively increased, and maintenance probability is large, later maintenance cost is high. When purchasing, it is necessary to consider which services the seller provides and whether there are spare parts available for replacement; the maintenance work after purchase cannot completely depend on the seller, and the buyer must have basic maintenance ability.