金属化学蚀刻机的发展简史Brief history of the development of metal chemical etching machine

　近几十年来，化学蚀刻机运用化学腐蚀作为一种高精密而科学的化学腐蚀加工技术，在金属材料上被广泛用于腐蚀多种种类的图文及外形加工。特别是航天和航空工业，几乎随处都能够见到使用化学蚀刻加工技术生产的产品应用到生活中。然而作为一种化学减薄切割加工技术，其历史可以追溯到很长远的年代。对化学蚀刻这一技术并未被中国很早记录下来，主要原因是我国古代对科学技术不够重视的原因，。而在其他西方国家却记录了很早以前就对化学蚀刻技术的应用。最早的一次记录是西方在公元前1世纪就有人在讨论NaOH和AL2(SO4)3的用途，这肯定是有夸大之嫌。对金属腐蚀的应用及发展必须具备两个条件才是有意义的，一是金属的普及应用，二是对应金属的蚀刻液的调配。金属的发现和应用拥有更长的历史，在这方面中国是比其他国家更长远的，主要来源于古代炼金术士的手段，最早被发现的是铜和合金材料，然后就是铁的发现。。铝是近几百年才被发现，加以提炼才被运用到生活中，所以西方有人公元前1世纪就讨论NaOH和AL2(SO4)3的用途是没有依据的。

　　金属腐蚀主要由三方面的发展而来：1.金属的发现和冶炼技术的发展;2.对应金属蚀刻液的调配。

　　在目前的生活中的，腐蚀是很常见的，但在古代这种情况是不可能发生的，因为那个时代是有木材、石头、及土组成的。直到古人们掌握了金属提炼技术能够把金属从依附的材料中分离出来，才得到了金属。有了金属的发现，人们就开始想办法去运用，这里应用里面就涉及到了腐蚀，但是很多液体的都不能很快的去在金属表面加工处理，这就必需要有能够与金属产生腐蚀的物质酸。最早的酸当属有机酸之类的发现，比如从耐酸中提出的乳酸，从柠檬中提出的柠檬酸和醋酸等，这些酸中以醋酸的强度最强。仅凭这些有机酸很难完整对金属做出有效的腐蚀加工，后面当无机酸被发现后，金属化学腐蚀加工来呗应用发展。所以金属的化学腐蚀加工要在无机酸的发信啊后面，这也是由等离子刻蚀机防蚀刻的材料发现的早晚有关系。在欧洲，15世纪化学腐蚀加工就变得流行起来，当时主要用于盔甲和工艺品的腐蚀加工。再造记载的蚀刻液配方是盐、活性炭和醋酸配置而成，防护主要与亚麻油涂料和石蜡做防蚀刻材料来实现保护层做图像转移

       In recent decades, chemical etching machine, which uses chemical etching as a high-precision and scientific chemical etching processing technology, has been widely used in the processing of various kinds of pictures and shapes on metal materials. Especially in aerospace and aviation industry, almost everywhere we can see the products produced by chemical etching technology applied to life. However, as a chemical thinning cutting technology, its history can be traced back to a very long time. The technology of chemical etching has not been recorded in China for a long time. The main reason is that ancient China did not pay enough attention to science and technology,. In other western countries, the application of chemical etching technology has been recorded for a long time. The earliest record is that the use of NaOH and Al2 (SO4) 3 was discussed in the West in the first century B.C., which is certainly exaggerated. There are two conditions for the application and development of metal corrosion, one is the popularization and application of metal, the other is the deployment of etching solution corresponding to metal. The discovery and application of metals have a longer history. In this respect, China has a longer history than other countries. It mainly comes from the means of ancient alchemists. The first discovered materials are copper and alloy, and then iron.. Aluminum has been discovered for hundreds of years and refined before being used in daily life. Therefore, there is no basis for people in the west to discuss the use of NaOH and Al2 (SO4) 3 in the first century B.C. 

   The development of metal corrosion is mainly from three aspects: 

1. The discovery of metal and the development of smelting technology;

2. The allocation of etching solution.

      In the present life, corrosion is very common, but in the ancient times, this kind of situation is impossible, because that time was composed of wood, stone, and soil. Until the ancients mastered the metal refining technology to separate the metal from the attached materials, they got the metal. With the discovery of metal, people began to think of ways to use it. Corrosion is involved in the application here, but many liquids can not be processed on the metal surface quickly, which requires the material acid that can produce corrosion with metal. The earliest acids are organic acids, such as lactic acid from acid resistance, citric acid and acetic acid from lemon, among which the strength of acetic acid is the strongest. Only these organic acids are difficult to make effective corrosion processing for metals. Later, when inorganic acids are found, metal chemical corrosion processing will be applied and developed. Therefore, the chemical etching of metals should be done after the letter of inorganic acid, which is also related to the early and late discovery of anti-corrosion materials of plasma etching machine. In Europe, chemical etching became popular in the 15th century, when it was mainly used for the etching of armor and crafts. The etching solution formula of the reconstructed record is made of salt, activated carbon and acetic acid. The protection is mainly made of linseed oil coating and paraffin as anti etching materials to realize image transfer of the protective layer.