不锈钢装饰蚀刻技术？Stainless steel decorative etching technology?

     不锈钢表面化学蚀刻图案文字的工艺原理，是丝印印刷抗酸或耐碱油墨将不锈钢蚀刻板表面不被蚀刻的部分遮盖，屏蔽蚀刻液，使蚀刻液只能接触要蚀除部分的表面，从面达到蚀刻花纹图案和文字的目的，细分又分为阳版蚀刻和阴版蚀刻，阳版蚀刻是将要加工的图案花纹留下，而将其余的大面全部蚀除，这样花纹图案即凸出表面而呈现微浮雕效果。阴版蚀刻正好相反，是将要花纹图案部分蚀除使其凹陷而达到蚀刻装饰目的。

     不锈钢蚀刻板工艺路线一般由以下部份依次组成：不锈钢表面净化处理，印刷抗酸油墨，蚀刻，去膜层，烘烤，上漆，烘烤，腹膜，剪切，等。

    一般不锈钢表面为8K光面或直纹拉丝面，有201型号和304型号，在制售过程中，一般表面都加封一层保护性油酯，而要使阻蚀层能良好地附着，必须将油脂层除去，除油过程依制作的不同要求可用电解除油，汽油或氯化溶剂擦拭，碱+表面活性剂热煮等方式去除，其中以阴阳极混合电解除油产效果最好，以溶剂擦拭除油后表面会残存微量油脂，最好以电解或碱煮的方式进一步去除残油以保证阻蚀层良好附着，除油的好坏直接影响后部加工过程及成品质量。

     除完油后，在不锈钢表面制作阻蚀层，其做法一般可分为三种，一种作法为不干胶刻图做为阻蚀层，用电脑将不干胶刻绘出图案文字，将刻好图案的不干胶粘帖于不锈钢表面上，手工去除要蚀除部分的不干胶，让金属表面露出，以没去除的不干胶做为阻蚀层。这种方式较适合加工图案简单或文字不多的，要求不是很高的场合，其操作简单，不用太多专业技能，加工成本亦较低。但对于图案复杂，文字很多或蚀刻要求较高的场合，由于其工艺限制，加工成本徒增且很难达到精度要求。

      第二种方法是以丝网印刷方式制作阻蚀层，即丝印抗蚀刻油墨，用油墨将不蚀刻部分遮盖，以达到屏蔽酸液的目的，这种方式比较适合用于精度要求不太高且同一图安加工批量较大的蚀刻做业，其优点是加工速度快，成本低，图文边缘易整齐，适合批量加工。不足之处是需要丝印技能，要求印后尽量没有针孔或蹭色，如出现大量针孔可有蹭色现象，需返工重印。因在印刷前要制作丝网版，不适合单版批量少的做业。

      第三种方式是光刻制作阻蚀层，以特种感光油墨覆盖不锈钢表面，通过照像晒版，显影，定影等工序在不锈钢表面形成抗蚀涂层，其优点图案精度高，可以做到零误差，即与设计出的图案完全吻合，是要求加工精度高及板间精准对图的做业的首选加工方式，对小批量做业，由于省去了丝网制版操作，成本较丝印为低。不足之处是需要专用丝印及晒版设备及较高的专业技能，且对同一图案批量较大的做业，其做业速度明显较丝网印刷低，从而使整体做业成本增加。

     以上是制作阻蚀层的常用方法，做业时可根据实际情况选用其中的一种或多种合用，以达到事半功倍的目的。

     阴蚀层做好后就可进入蚀刻工序，蚀刻又可分为手工擦拭蚀刻，手工泼浇蚀刻，摇床蚀刻，机械泼浇蚀刻，热压喷淋蚀刻，摇摆喷淋蚀刻等，手要擦拭和泼浇蚀刻，是将酸蚀液（如王水，次氯酸钠，过氧化氢，三氯化铁，硝酸铁等的酸性溶液）以擦拭或人工泼浇的方式涂（泼）于待蚀刻表面，使露出的金属表面溶蚀，以离子形式进入溶液，从而达到蚀刻的目的，其优点是加工灵活，不受场地和被蚀物形状的限制，不足之处是劳动强度大（特别是大量加工时），空气污染严重，易造成人体伤害，精度不高，蚀刻均匀性难以掌握，易出流痕。摇床蚀刻是手工蚀刻的改进，即以电机拖带蚀刻槽摇摆，而达到使酸与金属表面接触处换液的目的完成蚀刻做业，改进之处只在于减少了人员的劳动强度和人与酸液接触的次数。而如王水，过氧化氢等与不锈钢反应激烈的酸液不宜用摇摆床，否则会由于温升无法控制酸液暴沸（爆炸）飞溅而出现危险.

     机械泼浇式蚀刻目前主要于用特种作业，是目前蚀刻深度0.3-1.5mm是较为理想的蚀刻方式，如烫金模版印刷折光压纹加工时，配合甲脒与硫脲的阻蚀做用与机械泼浇冲压，借物理学与热力学的原理，达到深度蚀刻阳版图案，且以适当的坡度保证图文在应用过程中可承受足够的压力。

    喷淋等离子刻蚀机是目前蚀刻较为理想的蚀刻方式，其原理是以机械泵将加热的蚀刻液加压后均匀地喷于不锈钢表面，借助喷压及时去除蚀刻产物阻档层，使蚀刻能顺利进行，而加热的蚀刻液可保证蚀刻做业的正常快速，一般酸液都是在蚀刻机内做业，空气污染少，反应温合易控，蚀刻面均匀干净，但这种方法，只能用在标牌不锈钢装饰，它只能蚀刻0.3mm以上，如果深就会侧扣，字体缩小，对深压纹版蚀刻较深的机械泼浇蚀刻比较理想

1.用于腐蚀钢板。 

2.使用时用机械泼浇蚀刻钢板裸露图文处。 

3.腐蚀速度快，腐蚀效果好。 

4.能有效保护钢板坡度和侧蚀,形成良好的网点边缘。

    300系列不锈钢可以达到蚀刻后表面洁白均匀的装饰效果。不足之处是要用专业的蚀刻机，对蚀刻工员作业技能要求高，一般只能做平板蚀刻。    

     经蚀刻做业后，金属表面裸露部分被充分溶蚀，形成凹陷，表面有阻蚀层的部分凸起，从面形成装饰花纹，下一步即是将阻蚀层去除，使整体金属表面全部显露出来，对不干胶阻蚀层来说，只是人工将不干胶层扯掉即可，对于丝网印刷的图案，可根据丝印图层的本体属性选用有机溶剂或碱水去除，对光刻阻蚀层，可以火碱的热水溶液煮除。

     阻蚀层去除后，蚀刻工作即告完成，后部可依客户要求进一步加工，如一般用于标牌加工时，蚀刻完要进行填漆工作，卓创科技的上色机，所用的是阴极电泳漆有保护的地方不会有漆，然后退去保护膜，电泳上色机适合大批量颜色较单一产品生产，或以注射器将漆填于需要填漆处，漆干后以有机溶剂除去多余的漆，喷涂或不喷罩光漆。后清面包装，还有其它的上色方法，可以咨询浙江杭州卓创科技。

    根据以上的实践操作积累的经验，请你们务必选对机器来做不锈钢板。以免选错造成不必要的金钱和时间损失。

    彩色不锈钢蚀刻板是在物件表面通过化学的方法，腐蚀出各种花纹图案。以8K镜面板为底板，进行蚀刻处理后，对物体表面再进行深加工，可进行局部的和纹，拉丝，嵌金，局部钛金等各式复杂工艺处理，实现图案明暗相间，色彩绚丽的效果。蚀刻不锈钢包括彩色不锈钢蚀刻，图案多种，可供广大选用的颜色有：钛黑（黑钛）、天蓝、钛金、宝石蓝、咖啡色、茶色、紫色、古铜、青古铜，香槟金，玫瑰金、紫红、钛白、翠绿、绿色等，适用于：星级酒店，KTV，大型商场，高级娱乐场所等。

                                                     Stainless steel decorative etching technology?

       The process principle of chemical etching pattern and characters on stainless steel surface is that the surface of stainless steel etching plate is not covered by the etching part by the anti acid or alkali resistant ink of silk screen printing, and the etching solution is shielded, so that the etching solution can only contact the surface of the part to be etched, so as to achieve the purpose of etching pattern and characters from the surface, which is subdivided into positive etching and negative etching. Positive etching is the figure to be processed The pattern is left behind, and the rest of the large surface is completely removed, so that the pattern protrudes from the surface and presents a micro relief effect. On the contrary, etching of the stencil is to remove the part of the pattern to make it concave and achieve the purpose of etching decoration. 

      Stainless steel etching process generally consists of the following parts in turn: stainless steel surface purification treatment, printing acid resistant ink, etching, film removal, baking, painting, baking, peritoneum, shearing, etc. 

     In general, the stainless steel surface is 8K smooth surface or straight line drawing surface, with models 201 and 304. In the process of production and sale, the surface is generally sealed with a protective oil ester. In order to make the corrosion resistant layer adhere well, the oil layer must be removed. According to the different requirements of production, the oil can be removed by electrolytic oil removal, gasoline or chlorinated solvent wiping, alkali + surfactant hot boiling, etc The mixed electrolysis of anode and cathode is the best way to remove oil. After wiping oil with solvent, there will be residual oil on the surface. It is better to further remove residual oil by electrolysis or alkali boiling to ensure good adhesion of corrosion resistant layer. The quality of oil removal directly affects the processing process and product quality. 

    After oil removal, the anticorrosive layer is made on the surface of stainless steel, which can be divided into three methods. One method is to use the adhesive engraving as the anticorrosive layer, use the computer to carve out the pattern text, stick the adhesive with the pattern on the surface of stainless steel, remove the adhesive to be removed manually, expose the metal surface, and use the adhesive not removed as the anticorrosive layer. This method is more suitable for the occasions where the processing pattern is simple or there are not many words, and the requirements are not very high. The operation is simple, there are not too many professional skills, and the processing cost is also low. However, in the case of complex patterns, many characters or high etching requirements, due to its technological limitations, the processing cost increases dramatically and it is difficult to meet the accuracy requirements. 

   The second method is to make the resist layer by screen printing, i.e. screen printing resist etching ink, which covers the non etching part with ink, so as to achieve the purpose of shielding the acid solution. This method is more suitable for the etching industry with low precision requirements and large batch of the same graphic processing, which has the advantages of fast processing speed, low cost, easy and neat image and text edges, and is suitable for batch processing. The disadvantage is that silk screen printing skills are required, and as far as possible there is no pinhole or color rubbing after printing. If a large number of pinholes appear, there may be color rubbing phenomenon, which needs to be reworked and reprinted. Because before printing, it is necessary to make screen plate, which is not suitable for single plate industry with small batch. 

   The third way is to make photoresist layer, cover the stainless steel surface with special photosensitive ink, and form anticorrosive coating on the stainless steel surface through photolithography, development, fixation and other processes. It has the advantages of high pattern precision and can achieve zero error, that is to say, it is the first choice of processing method that requires high processing precision and accurate drawing between plates. For small batch Volume industry, due to the elimination of screen plate making operations, the cost is lower than screen printing. The disadvantage is that special screen printing and plate printing equipment and higher professional skills are needed, and for the same pattern with large batch production, the production speed is significantly lower than that of screen printing, so as to increase the overall production cost. 

   The above is a common method of making corrosion resistant layer. One or more of them can be used according to the actual situation to achieve the purpose of twice the result with half the effort.

   After the etching layer is finished, it can enter the etching process. The etching can be divided into manual wiping and etching, manual pouring and etching, shaking table etching, mechanical pouring and etching, hot pressing spraying and etching, swing spraying and etching, etc. the acid etching solution (such as aqua regia, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, ferric chloride, iron nitrate, etc.) is wiped or manually poured by hand The method is applied (splashed) on the surface to be etched to make the exposed metal surface dissolve and enter the solution in the form of ions, so as to achieve the purpose of etching. Its advantages are flexible processing, not limited by the site and the shape of the eroded object. The disadvantages are high labor intensity (especially in large-scale processing), serious air pollution, easy to cause human injury, low accuracy, and difficult to grasp the uniformity of etching Hold, easy to flow. Shaking table etching is the improvement of manual etching, that is, the motor is used to drag the etching groove to swing, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the liquid at the contact between the acid and the metal surface. The improvement is only to reduce the labor intensity of the personnel and the number of contact between the personnel and the acid. For example, aqua regia, hydrogen peroxide and other acid which reacts strongly with stainless steel should not use swing bed, otherwise it will be dangerous due to the temperature rise unable to control the acid boiling (explosion) splashing. 

   At present, mechanical sprinkling etching is mainly used in special operations. It is an ideal etching method with etching depth of 0.3-1.5mm. For example, in the process of photorefractive embossing of gilding printing, it can cooperate with the corrosion inhibition of formamidine and thiourea and mechanical sprinkling stamping to achieve deep etching of positive pattern by physics and thermodynamics, and ensure that the graphics and texts can be used in the application process with proper slope Bear enough pressure.     

  Spray plasma etching machine is an ideal etching method at present. Its principle is to spray the heated etching solution evenly on the stainless steel surface after being pressurized by a mechanical pump. With the help of spray pressure, the barrier layer of etching products can be removed in time, so that the etching can be carried out smoothly. The heated etching solution can ensure the normal and fast etching. Generally, the acid solution is used in the etching machine, with less air pollution The reaction temperature is easy to control and the etching surface is even and clean. However, this method can only be used in the stainless steel decoration of the sign. It can only be etched for more than 0.3mm. If it is deep, it will buckle at the side and the font will be reduced. It is ideal to spray etching on the deep mechanical etching of the deep embossing plate.

1. It is used to corrode the steel plate.

2. When using, use the machine to pour water on the exposed part of the etched steel plate.

3. Fast corrosion speed and good corrosion effect.

4. It can effectively protect the steel plate slope and side corrosion, and form a good network edge. 300 series stainless steel can achieve the decoration effect of even white surface after etching. The disadvantage is to use a professional etching machine, which requires a high level of operation skills for etchers. Generally, only plate etching can be done. 

     After etching, the exposed part of the metal surface is fully eroded to form a depression, and the part of the surface with the corrosion resistance layer is raised to form a decorative pattern from the surface. 

     The next step is to remove the corrosion resistance layer to make the whole metal surface all exposed. For the adhesive corrosion resistance layer, only the adhesive layer can be removed manually. For the pattern of screen printing, it can be based on the Organic solvent or alkaline water is used to remove the body property, and the photoresist layer can be boiled out by hot water solution of caustic soda.     

    After removing the corrosion resistant layer, the etching work is completed, and the rear part can be further processed according to the customer's requirements. For example, when it is generally used for label processing, the paint filling work is required after etching. The color machine of Zhuo Chuang technology uses the cathodic electrophoretic paint to protect the place where there is no paint, and then the protective film is removed. The electrophoretic color machine is suitable for the production of large quantities of single color products, or the syringe will be used to fill the paint The paint shall be filled at the place where the paint needs to be filled. After the paint is dry, the excess paint shall be removed with organic solvent, and the varnish shall be sprayed or not sprayed. You can consult Zhuocang technology of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province for the back clear surface packaging and other coloring methods.

   According to the above experience of practical operation, you must choose the right machine to make stainless steel plate. To avoid unnecessary loss of money and time caused by wrong selection. 

   The color stainless steel etching plate is to etch various patterns on the surface of the object by chemical methods. The 8K mirror panel is used as the bottom plate, after etching treatment, the object surface is further processed, which can be processed by various complex processes such as local harmony pattern, drawing, inlaying gold, local titanium gold, etc., so as to achieve the effect of bright and dark patterns and gorgeous colors. Etching stainless steel includes color stainless steel etching with various patterns. The colors available for selection include: titanium black (black titanium), sky blue, titanium gold, sapphire blue, coffee, tea, purple, bronze, bronze, champagne gold, rose gold, purple red, titanium white, emerald green, green, etc. It is suitable for star hotels, KTV, large shopping malls, high-level entertainment places, etc.